基本規則基本規則Basic Rules

麻將基本規則

掌握了麻將的牌面後,接下來就是理解遊戲的流程與核心規則。本節覆盖從開局到胡牌的全部關鍵環節。

遊戲流程

第一步:洗牌與砌牌

144張牌牌背朝上,四人共同用手撥洗混合,然後各自在自己前方砌成兩層高、每層18張的「城牆」(共72張/人)。這是麻將最具儀式感的一步。

第二步:掷骰與開牌

莊家兩顆骰子,按點數之和確定開牌位置。開牌後每人依次模入12~13張牌(莊家多模一張,共14張)。

第三步:摸打循環

遊戲進入核心循環:每位玩家摸一張牌,審視手牌後打出一張。如此往復,直到有人胡牌或牌山摸完。

吃、碰、杠

遊戲最重要的互動機制,允許玩家從別人打出的牌中獲取組合機會:

吃(Chow)

上家打出與你手中兩張構成順子的牌時,你可聲明「吃」,將這三牌组成順子展示。

  • 限制:只能吃上家的牌,不能吃對家或下家的。
  • 條件:你的手牌必須有與該牌可以组成順子的兩張牌。

碰(Pung)

任何玩家打出你手牌中已有的對子,你可聲明「碰」,組成刻子並展示。

  • 優先级:碰的優先级高於吃。
  • 無方位限制:可以碰任何人的牌。

杠(Kong)

杠有多種形式,但核心是擁有四張相同牌的特殊組合:

  • 明杠(大明杠):手中有暗刻,別人打出第四張,可宣言明杠。
  • 補杠:已碰過的刻子,又摸到第四張相同牌,須補杠。
  • 暗杠:手牌中暗藏四张相同牌,可秘密杠出(通常不展示全部四張)。

杠後可以補模一張牌,這是唯一的額外摸牌機會。

胡牌的條件

標準胡牌條件是:手牌足四組面子(順子或刻子)加一對將牌(兩張相同的牌),共14張。

  • 順子(Chow):同一花色序數連續的三,如 234萬、567條。
  • 刻子(Pung):三相同的牌,如 發發發、東三。
  • 將牌(Pair):兩張相同的牌,作「將」(也叫「對子」)。

特殊牌型如十三、七對子(須全部為對子)等,不遵循这一標準結構,但有各自的胡牌條件。

流局(Draw)

當牌山全部摸完仍無人胡牌,本局流局。多数規則中,流局時各家按手中最接近胡牌的狀態(聽牌、一向聽等)結算分數,

麻將基本規則

掌握了麻將的牌面後,接下來就是理解遊戲的流程與核心規則。本節覆盖從開局到胡牌的全部關鍵環節。

遊戲流程

第一步:洗牌與砌牌

144張牌牌背朝上,四人共同用手撥洗混合,然後各自在自己前方砌成兩層高、每層18張的「城牆」(共72張/人)。這是麻將最具儀式感的一步。

第二步:掷骰與開牌

莊家兩顆骰子,按點數之和確定開牌位置。開牌後每人依次模入12~13張牌(莊家多模一張,共14張)。

第三步:摸打循環

遊戲進入核心循環:每位玩家摸一張牌,審視手牌後打出一張。如此往復,直到有人胡牌或牌山摸完。

吃、碰、杠

遊戲最重要的互動機制,允許玩家從別人打出的牌中獲取組合機會:

吃(Chow)

上家打出與你手中兩張構成順子的牌時,你可聲明「吃」,將這三牌组成順子展示。

  • 限制:只能吃上家的牌,不能吃對家或下家的。
  • 條件:你的手牌必須有與該牌可以组成順子的兩張牌。

碰(Pung)

任何玩家打出你手牌中已有的對子,你可聲明「碰」,組成刻子並展示。

  • 優先级:碰的優先级高於吃。
  • 無方位限制:可以碰任何人的牌。

杠(Kong)

杠有多種形式,但核心是擁有四張相同牌的特殊組合:

  • 明杠(大明杠):手中有暗刻,別人打出第四張,可宣言明杠。
  • 補杠:已碰過的刻子,又摸到第四張相同牌,須補杠。
  • 暗杠:手牌中暗藏四张相同牌,可秘密杠出(通常不展示全部四張)。

杠後可以補模一張牌,這是唯一的額外摸牌機會。

胡牌的條件

標準胡牌條件是:手牌足四組面子(順子或刻子)加一對將牌(兩張相同的牌),共14張。

  • 順子(Chow):同一花色序數連續的三,如 234萬、567條。
  • 刻子(Pung):三相同的牌,如 發發發、東三。
  • 將牌(Pair):兩張相同的牌,作「將」(也叫「對子」)。

特殊牌型如十三、七對子(須全部為對子)等,不遵循这一標準結構,但有各自的胡牌條件。

流局(Draw)

當牌山全部摸完仍無人胡牌,本局流局。多数規則中,流局時各家按手中最接近胡牌的狀態(聽牌、一向聽等)結算分數,

Basic Mahjong Rules

After learning the tiles, the next step is understanding the game flow and the core actions used in most Mahjong rulesets.

Game Flow

Step 1: Shuffle and Build the Wall

The 144 tiles are placed face down, shuffled by all players, and built into four two-layer walls. This ritual creates the wall from which tiles are drawn.

Step 2: Dice and the Wall Break

The dealer rolls dice to decide where the wall is opened. Players then receive their starting hands. In most 13-tile variants, the dealer begins with 14 tiles and the other players with 13.

Step 3: Draw and Discard

Players take turns drawing one tile, reviewing their hand, and discarding one tile. The cycle continues until someone wins or the wall is exhausted.

Chow, Pung, and Kong

Calls let players use discarded tiles to complete useful groups.

Chow

If the previous player discards a tile that completes a sequence with two tiles in your hand, you may call chow and reveal the three-tile sequence.

  • Restriction: You can only chow from the player on your left.
  • Condition: Your hand must contain the two matching sequence tiles.

Pung

If any player discards a tile that matches a pair in your hand, you may call pung to form and reveal a triplet.

  • Priority: Pung usually has higher priority than chow.
  • No direction limit: You may pung from any player's discard.

Kong

A kong is a group of four identical tiles. It can be declared in several ways: from a discard, by adding to an exposed pung, or from four concealed tiles in hand.

  • Open kong: You have a concealed triplet and claim the fourth tile from another player's discard.
  • Added kong: You have an exposed pung and draw the fourth matching tile.
  • Concealed kong: You hold all four copies yourself.

After declaring a kong, you draw a replacement tile from the back of the wall.

Winning Hand Structure

The standard winning shape is four sets plus one pair, for 14 tiles total.

  • Sequence: Three consecutive suited tiles, such as 2-3-4 characters or 5-6-7 bamboos.
  • Triplet: Three identical tiles, such as three red dragons or three East winds.
  • Pair: Two identical tiles used as the eye of the hand.

Special hands such as seven pairs or thirteen orphans use different structures and have their own winning conditions.

Drawn Game

If the wall is exhausted and nobody wins, the hand is a draw. Different rulesets handle draw payments and tenpai status differently.